What is the Kirkwall Ba Game?
The Kirkwall Ba Game, often written as Kirkwall Ba Game or referred to in local parlance as the Ba, is one of Orkney’s most enduring winter customs. Played in the town of Kirkwall, it brings together residents and visitors in a unique celebration that blends sport, history, and community spirit. The game is traditionally staged on Christmas Day and again on New Year’s Day, drawing crowds to the heart of Orkney’s capital and turning the streets into a sprawling arena.
At its core, the Kirkwall Ba Game is a mass ball game. A sizeable leather or hard ball, commonly known simply as the Ba, is set loose in the town with the objective of moving it to a designated goal area. The challenge comes from a bustling crowd of players and spectators, whose energy, the cobbles, and the close quarters of Kirkwall’s streets create a raucous but remarkably choreographed spectacle. The ball can be carried, kicked, or batted, and the action often spills into stairwells, ramps, and public squares as teams vie to outmanoeuvre their opponents.
Two loosely defined sides compete: the Uppies and the Downies. These names refer not to a formal league but to enduring local divisions that have shaped the event for generations. The Uppies traditionally represent the northern end of town, while the Downies align with the southern sections. The match’s “winning” concept is simple in spirit—get the Ba to your team’s chosen end or cross the town in such a way that your side gains control of the ball and the day. In practice, however, the result is less about a single goal and more about the shared memory created by the town coming alive around a centuries-old ritual.
Unlike modern team sports, the Kirkwall Ba Game thrives on spontaneity. There are no formal kick-off times shared in advance with thousands of spectators; instead, the event unfolds as a living performance. The Ba moves through streets, back lanes, and public spaces, guided by a sense of tradition as well as the sheer enthusiasm of those taking part. This blend of unscripted action and communal participation is part of what makes the Kirkwall Ba Game so compelling to watch and to be a part of.
History and origins of Kirkwall Ba Game
The Kirkwall Ba Game sits at the intersection of history, folklore, and local identity. While precise origins are difficult to fix, the tradition is widely regarded as ancient, with roots that reach into the medieval and early modern periods. The game has persisted through centuries of change, from shifting economies to evolving townscapes, because it embodies a living, communal memory of Kirkwall’s people and place.
Historically, such “Ba” or “ba’” games were common across Scotland and parts of northern England, often linked to winter feasts and seasonal celebrations. In Kirkwall, the Ba Game endured as a seasonal event that brought together neighbours, families, and visitors during the darkest, coldest weeks of the year. The ritual served not only as sport but also as social glue, a way to reaffirm communal ties in a town where geography and history have always defined everyday life.
Over time, the Kirkwall Ba Game matured into a recognisable tradition with its own distinctive flavour. The Uppies and Downies identity crystallised, with stories of legendary plays and memorable seasons passed down through generations. In recent decades, local organisations have worked to preserve and promote the event, ensuring that the Kirkwall Ba Game remains accessible to new generations while retaining its authentic essence. The result is a tradition that travels beyond the town’s borders, inviting curiosity from culture seekers and sports enthusiasts alike.
How the game is played: rules, equipment, and atmosphere
Equipment and playing area
The Ba itself is a simple but heavy object—traditionally a large leather ball, sometimes described as compactly heavy enough to require teamwork to move. It is not rolled in a single, straight line but rather carried and pushed through a labyrinth of streets and open spaces. The setting for the Kirkwall Ba Game includes gaps between houses, markets, and public thoroughfares, giving players a kinetic playground that tests agility, balance, and stamina. There isn’t a formal playing field in the modern sense; instead, participants adapt to the town’s geometry, with the street layout acting as a natural arena.
Teams, roles, and style of play
The Uppies and Downies divide the town into competing halves, but players often come from diverse ages and backgrounds, making the sense of community just as important as the athletic challenge. The game rewards tenacity, spatial awareness, and teamwork more than pure speed, since the Ba can be moved by a handful of determined individuals or by the concerted effort of many volunteers. Spectators become part of the performance, urging on their favourites while occasionally acting as makeshift referees, helping to keep track of the action in a town where streets narrow and corners hide unexpected obstacles.
Rules and traditions
There are no formal, codified rules that govern every aspect of the Kirkwall Ba Game. The tradition relies on shared understandings passed down through the years, with a strong emphasis on fair play, safety, and shared enjoyment. General expectations include respecting spectators, taking care not to cause harm when the Ba threads through tight spaces, and recognising that the game is a communal event first and a competition second. The unpredictability is part of the charm, and the rough-and-tumble nature is tempered by the close-knit community that actively participates in and supports the event.
Safety, supervision, and evolving practices
In modern times, safety considerations guide how the Kirkwall Ba Game is staged. Local authorities and community groups work together to minimise risk to participants and onlookers. This might include crowd management strategies, identifying safe viewing spots, and setting guidelines for younger spectators. The aim is to preserve the authentic feel of the Kirkwall Ba Game while ensuring that everyone can enjoy the tradition with minimal danger. Those planning to participate or watch are advised to dress for the weather, wear sensible footwear suitable for cobbles and uneven surfaces, and stay aware of moving crowds and the Ba’s path through the town.
Timing, venues, and how to watch the Kirkwall Ba Game
One of the most striking aspects of Kirkwall Ba Game is its timing. The event is tightly interwoven with Christmas and New Year celebrations, reflecting the seasonal rhythm of Orkney life. The exact start times can vary from year to year, but the tradition typically begins around midday and continues into the afternoon as the Ba is carried, kicked, and redirected through the city’s streets. For visitors, observing the event from elevated vantage points, such as balconies along the High Street or the vicinity of the Market Cross, can give a clear sense of the scale and energy without being overwhelmed by the crowds.
Where to catch the Kirkwall Ba Game? The core experience unfolds across Kirkwall’s historic town centre. Key vantage points include pedestrianised streets that become channels for the Ba as it moves from one end of town to the other. If you’re planning to visit specifically for the Kirkwall Ba Game, consider arriving early to secure a good view and to soak up the surrounding atmosphere, including the rough-hewn textures of Orkney architecture, the scent of sea air, and the chorus of local voices that narrate the day’s drama.
Cultural significance and community meaning
The Kirkwall Ba Game is more than a quirky winter pastime. It is a living thread in the fabric of Orkney’s cultural identity. The event creates shared memory across generations, inviting grandparents, parents, and children to participate in a ritual that transcends modern leisure activities. It is a moment where the town’s historic character comes to life: the narrow lanes, the stone buildings, and the harbour’s edge become a stage for a communal story that locals retell with pride each year.
In addition to its recreational value, the Kirkwall Ba Game functions as an occasion for hospitality and welcome. Visitors who attend often remark on the warmth of the welcome they receive, the willingness of locals to explain the game’s history, and the sense of belonging that pervades the crowd. For Kirkwall residents, the event reinforces a sense of place—the idea that this small Scottish town can host a tradition that speaks to resilience, sociability, and a shared love of place.
Kirkwall Ba Game and the seasonal calendar
The Ba Game aligns with the broader winter season in Orkney, complementing other festive customs and local celebrations. It sits alongside Christmas markets, late-night gatherings, and family traditions that mark the annual cycle. For many residents, the Kirkwall Ba Game is a highlight of the winter, a moment when the town’s rhythms quicken, when the quiet streets become a corridor of possibility, and when old stories are spoken aloud with the laughter and bustle of present-day life.
As with many traditional events, the Kirkwall Ba Game has evolved to accommodate modern expectations. While the essence remains intact—the movement of a heavy ball through town, driven by communal energy—the event also embraces outreach, including guided tours, educational material about the town’s history, and efforts to ensure accessibility for spectators with different needs. The balance between preserving authenticity and welcoming newcomers is a recurring theme in discussions about Kirkwall Ba Game’s future.
Watching and experiencing Kirkwall Ba Game: tips for visitors
If you’re new to Kirkwall Ba Game, a few practical tips can enhance your experience. First, arrive early to stake out a good vantage point, ideally with a clear view of streets where the Ba is likely to pass. Second, dress warmly and wear sturdy footwear—cobbled streets and bustling crowds demand sensible preparation. Third, bring a sense of curiosity; the event is as much about storytelling and community as it is about sport. Fourth, consider joining a guided walk or a local talk that explains the history and highlights of the day—these perspectives add depth to what you see on the streets.
Photography and recording are popular, but be mindful of the crowds and the potential for obstructing others’ views. If you’re a visitor, you’ll likely leave with a strong impression of Kirkwall’s warmth and the sense that you’ve witnessed a piece of living, evolving culture. The Kirkwall Ba Game can be a gateway to broader exploration of Orkney’s heritage, including nearby museums, historic sites, and the coastal scenery that makes the archipelago such a distinctive destination.
Other related traditions and regional variations
While the Kirkwall Ba Game is the best-known version, other communities in Scotland and beyond host similar festive ball games with local names and distinct regional twists. The concept of mass, communal games during the winter season has deep roots in the British Isles, and the Kirkwall Ba Game stands among the most celebrated examples. Visitors who enjoy the Kirkwall experience may also discover related customs in neighbouring towns, where variations in rules, ball design, and routes through town reflect unique local histories while echoing the same festive spirit.
Preservation, governance, and community involvement
The ongoing preservation of Kirkwall Ba Game relies on collaboration among residents, local organisations, and civic authorities. Community groups play a central role in coordinating logistics, safety, and public engagement. Their efforts help ensure that the event remains accessible to future generations while maintaining its distinctive character. Education initiatives—ranging from school programmes to heritage projects—introduce younger participants to the Ba Game’s history and the values it embodies, such as teamwork, resilience, and respect for tradition.
Local storytelling, folklore, and archival material contribute to a living archive of Kirkwall Ba Game. Through interviews, historical photographs, and written accounts, the community keeps alive the legends, memorable plays, and notable characters who have shaped the game over the years. This sense of intergenerational continuity is a vital part of why the Kirkwall Ba Game endures as a symbol of Orkney’s identity.
Frequently asked questions about Kirkwall Ba Game
When is Kirkwall Ba Game played?
The Kirkwall Ba Game is traditionally staged on Christmas Day and again on New Year’s Day. Times can vary from year to year, so checking local event notices or visitor information ahead of your trip will help you plan.
Who can participate in the Kirkwall Ba Game?
Participation is rooted in community tradition. While the event has become more inclusive over time, it remains a local, community-driven activity rather than a formal sport with paid teams. Residents and visitors who are part of or invited into the Uppies or Downies groups contribute to the day’s energy and storytelling.
What should I wear if I’m watching?
Dress for cold, windy weather and uneven surfaces. Warm layers, a sturdy pair of shoes, and a rainproof jacket are sensible. If you’re planning to photograph or observe from a balcony or elevated spot, bring a camera strap and stay mindful of crowds.
Is the Kirkwall Ba Game safe to watch?
Safety is a shared concern for participants and spectators alike. Local organisers implement safety measures, and spectators are encouraged to follow guidance while enjoying the spectacle. The event remains a spirited but rugged celebration, so sensible precautions go a long way toward ensuring a positive experience for everyone present.
The lasting appeal of the Kirkwall Ba Game
What makes Kirkwall Ba Game resonate for so many people is its combination of spectacle, history, and belonging. It is not merely a game but a living piece of Orkney’s culture—an opportunity to witness how a town preserves, enacts, and narrates its own story. The Ba Game invites participation, invites listening, and invites the sharing of memory—by locals and visitors alike. It stands as a testament to how tradition can adapt over time without losing its sense of purpose or its capacity to bring people together.
For travellers seeking a genuinely local experience, Kirkwall Ba Game offers something beyond sightseeing. It provides an entry into the rhythms of Orkney life, where winter is not simply endured but celebrated through ritual, camaraderie, and a playful stubbornness that refuses to yield to gloom. The Kirkwall Ba Game is not just about moving a ball; it’s about moving a community’s spirit through the darkest days of the year and into a hopeful, shared future.
Further reading and how to learn more
If you’re inspired to learn more about the Kirkwall Ba Game, a range of resources—from local histories to guided tours—can deepen your understanding of this remarkable tradition. Museums in Kirkwall and the broader Orkney Islands often host exhibitions that explore the Ba Game within the wider tapestry of Orkney folklore, maritime history, and regional celebrations. Engaging with local historians, community groups, and long-time residents can provide a richer sense of how Kirkwall Ba Game has evolved and what it continues to mean for the people of Orkney.
Whether you call it Kirkwall Ba Game, Kirkwall Ba’ Game, or simply the Ba, the essence remains the same: a communal rite that stitches together past and present, a story told with the energy of a town that loves its traditions and the people who keep them alive. As the bells ring out and the Ba moves through Kirkwall’s streets, the city becomes a living pageant of Orkney’s enduring culture.